Renaissance Review Guide
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The Renaissance was an exciting time period marked by a renewed interest in the classical ideas, culture, and arts. Basically, the Renaissance was a return to studying and building on the achievements of the and Romans. The Renaissance time period lasted from approximately 1350 to 1600; the word renaissance is derived from a French word meaning rebirth, expressing the rebirth of Greek and Roman artistic, philosophical and intellectual progress. The Renaissance was also marked by the development and spread of Humanism.
The Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance began in the city-state of Florence and soon spread to other city-states. Each city-state would develop its own character but they did have similarities during the Renaissance time period. Social upheaval among the poorer classes caused political authority to be held by one man in each city-state.
Known as Signori, they were usually wealthy individuals who did not wish to have themselves, or their peers, involved in armed conflict. Signori paid condottier, hired soldiers to fight for and protect the city-state. The Signori also engaged in diplomacy as a means of avoiding conflict. Each city-state appointed an ambassador to foreign courts and, the Italian city-states agreed to remain a non-threat to each other. Florence, Venice, and Rome were the most significant city-states of the Italian Renaissance. Florence: Florence, a prosperous city in the 1400’s due to its successful textile and banking industries, was ruled by the Medici family beginning in 1434 with Cosimo de’ Medici.
Cosimo attempted to alleviate working-class unrest by taxing the wealthy at a higher rate and using the proceeds to pave streets and construct sewer systems. His grandson, Lorenzo de’ Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent) continued this tradition by supporting public festivals, the arts and philosophy. Eventually, Florentine textiles would suffer in competition with Flemish and English cloth industries. The Medicis were challenged and resigned power to the Dominican friar, Girolamo Savonarola, who claimed Florence and the church needed to be saved from Humanism. Savonarola burned painting, elaborate clothing, books and musical instruments. He also regulated public behavior.
The friar met a great deal of opposition and was hung for heresy in 1498 and he Medici returned. Florence, however, was no longer at its height. Venice: Venice had a republican form of government during the Renaissance. The doge was the legal head of the government, but the real power was held by the Council of Ten, wealthy merchants who passed laws, elected the doge, and decided most matters of importance. If the doge’s son wished to marry, it was the Council of Ten who needed to approve. The city-state’s role as an economic powerhouse was starting to dwindle during the Italian Renaissance because of the Muslim invasion and moving trade routes. Nevertheless, Venice’s wealth from its shipyards and glass factories was intact and its location made it an important trade center and link between Asia and Western Europe.
Venice’s art and architecture revealed both Byzantine as well as western European influences. Rome: Rome was a leading Renaissance city in the 1500s. Power was held by its wealthiest citizens, mainly the succession of Popes and Cardinals living in the Vatican.
Politics took precedence over religion and Popes often used their wealth and power to advance the interests of their families, and support artistic ventures. The Renaissance time period was the time of Pope Alexander VI and the Borgias.
Alexander used the papacy and the church’s wealth for his family’s benefit. It was also the era in which St. Peter’s Basilica was rebuilt under the guidance of Julius II and Leo X. The Basilica project was one of many meant to beautify Rome. Renaissance Men (and Women): Francesco Petrarch – began a new literary form known as.
These were short poems he wrote for a woman named Laura whom he had loved and lost. Laura fell to the Black Death. Giovanni Boccaccio - A friend of Petrarch who wrote Decameron, a collection of short stories told by young people as a diversion from the trials of the plague. Niccolo Machiavelli – wrote The Prince which examined politics in Renaissance Italy and stated leaders should be prepared to employ force and deceit as means of maintaining power. This book would influence not only Machiavelli’s contemporaries but rulers throughout history.
Baldassare Castiglione – author of The Book of the Courtier, a tome offering advice on proper behavior for Renaissance men and women. Isabelle d’Este – married to the Marquis of Mantua, Isabelle played a key role in the Italian city-state of Mantua during the Renaissance time period.
Used her court to assemble artists, and hold classical poetry readings and musical recitals. Filippo Brunelleschi – Italian Renaissance architect who designed the dome for the Cathedral of Florence.
(Unlike Medieval architects, Renaissance architects put their names to their work.) Donatello – Florentine sculptor who was the first since the Classical period to sculpt a free standing nude. Michelangelo Buonarroti – Michelangelo was also from Florence but would eventually travel to Rome in the service of popes.
He would paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, sculpt La Pieta, and design the dome for St. Peter’s Basilica. Lorenzo Ghiberti – created the ten biblical scenes on the bronze doors of Florence’s cathedral baptistery. The project took Ghiberti twenty-one years. Leonardo da Vinci – a true Renaissance man, da Vinci was a gifted artist and designer who worked in the fields of astronomy, anatomy, and mathematics. His most famous works include The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa. Leonardo was also from Florence but worked mainly in Rome and Milan.
Raphael Santi – a Renaissance painter known for his collection of paintings for the pope’s apartment. The paintings are of religious and classical subjects. Francois Rabelais – a French physician, monk, and author who wrote popular comedies, satires, and parodies that rejected the Middle Age tradition of focus on the afterlife.
Desiderius Erasmus – Christian Humanist who encouraged his peers to learn Hebrew and Greek in order to understand earlier versions of the Bible. In Northern Europe, the Christian Humanist movement consisted of scholars wishing to return to the simplicity and piety of the early Catholic Church. William Shakespeare – English Renaissance playwright whose plays drew from classical mythology, medieval legends, and history. Christopher Marlowe – a contemporary of Shakespeare. His plays stemmed from similar themes and, like Shakespeare, human attributes such as jealousy and love. Thomas More – author of Utopia, a book that critically examined his society through a comparison with an ideal, egalitarian one.
More was a friend of Desiderius Erasmus. Please add more Renaissance artists, thinkers, architects, etc. In the comments below.
Study Guide Renaissance Humanism was a threat to the Church because it D. Emphasized a return to the original sources of Christianity (D) Renaissance Humanism was a threat to the Church because it (D) emphasized a return to the original sources of Christianity—the Bible and the writings of the Fathers of the Church. In that light, humanists tended to ignore or denounce the proceedings of Church councils and pontiffs during the middle Ages. While many Renaissance humanists denounced scholasticism, there was no inherent opposition to it, and many retained support of the late Medieval philosophy. Renaissance Humanism did not espouse atheism, nor did it advance an amoral philosophy; it tended to advance a neo-Platonism through the writings of. The Papacy feared the remnants of the Conciliar Movement (A) The response of the Catholic Church to the Reformation was delayed because the Papacy feared remnants of the Conciliar Movement, which had been evident at the Councils of Constance, Basel, and Florence. This movement, based in Roman Catholic tradition, asserted that authority within the Church resided in the assembly of bishops; it challenged Petrine Supremacy and the authority of the Papacy.
Renaissance Review Quizlet
Rome (B) had little interest in coordinating its policy with secular leaders, although the early support of Charles V and Henry VIII was well received. By the 1530s, most intelligent Church leaders did not (C) think that Protestantism would self-destruct or that (D) the situation was not serious. The monetary situation of the Church (E) was not relevant to its taking a position against Protestantism. The Catholic Counter-Reformation included all of the following EXCEPT E. A willingness to negotiate nondoctrinal issues with reformers E) The Counter-Reformation did not include (E) a willingness to negotiate nondoctrinal issues with reformers; indeed, the Catholic Church considered all confrontational issues to be doctrinal. The Council of Trent (B) was convened in three sessions from 1545 to 1563 and reaffirmed traditional Catholic doctrines; new religious orders (D) such as the Jesuits appeared; the Papacy (C) became more assertive through its issuing of the Index of Prohibited Books in 1558–1559. 535 Words 3 Pages Humanism The introduction of the concept of humanism greatly affected the Renaissance.
The Humanistic influence shaped Renaissance art, writing, education and thinkers, its ideas were spread among all aspects of life. Machiavelli’s writings during the Renaissance were also affected by the ideas of humanism. His ideas reflect the thoughts of humanism in the way he thought governments and societies should be organized.
Humanism’s influence on art was very obvious, it could be seen. 1795 Words 8 Pages The Renaissance and Humanism You may wonder about, 'The Renaissance' and its relationship to another term, 'humanism' which fits into the same time period. If you check the dictionary, you will find that both terms can be used in a broad sense or more specifically. Humanism refers generally to a 'devotion to the humanities: literary culture.' (My definitions come from Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary). According to that definition we should all be humanists.
The other general meaning. 1098 Words 5 Pages almost any rhythmic pattern. Were beats now divided into two or three parts or both?
Was syncopation used? Both and yes Renaissance Dates: 1450-1600 1. What was going historically during this era? What was life like? What is humanism? Period characterized by a new optimism, that began in 14th century Italy and spread throughout western Europe during the Renaissance 3. What effect did the printing press have on music?
It enabled books to be printed quickly and inexpensively, making them. 1404 Words 6 Pages Hnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 & 18 Study Guide 1. The two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were who? John Locke and Isaac Newton 2. After 1688, Great Britain permitted religious toleration to which groups?
Lutherans, Jews, and Muslims 3. This nation was significantly freer than any other European nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment. What nation is this? Great Britain 4. An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials.
1289 Words 5 Pages When discussing the Renaissance; the most intimate area of focus are, art and architecture. Although no one really talks about Renaissance being an obvious era of some of the greatest and most innovative masters of painting, sculptures and builders. Or even that It is also the most influential eras that marked the emergence of a great deal of Scholars, thinkers, writers and philosophers.
Regardless the Renaissance (a French word for “rebirth”) was a much needed time for awakening, from the intellectual. 1743 Words 7 Pages Essay on Humanism The Renaissance is the label we put upon the emergence of a new perspective and set of ideals in Europe. This does not mean that it was sudden, neat and clean. It was gradual, inconsistent, and variable from place to place.
The Renaissance had its origins in Italy because a powerful merchant class arose in its cities that replaced the landed aristocracy and clergy as the leaders of society. This new class, along with many aristocrats and clergy, embraced humanist. 1826 Words 8 Pages The Renaissance, as defined in Merriam-Webster=s dictionary, is the transitional movement in Europe between medieval and modern times beginning in the 14th century in Italy, lasting into the 17th century, and marked by a humanistic revival of classical influence expressed in a flowering of the arts and literature and by the beginnings of modern science.
Many dramatic changes occurred during this time in the fields of philosophy, literature, and art. New emphasis was placed on enjoying life and the.
1494 Words 6 Pages While the witches present in Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth assume the role of supernatural beings, it was not Shakespeare’s intent to portray a classic case of fatalism. On the contrary, Shakespeare used Macbeth as a way to display the idea of Renaissance humanism. Although the witches did in fact possess uncanny powers, they were in reality not controlling Macbeth, but rather they were tempting Macbeth to act in particular ways. The witches, as well as other significant characters, may have encouraged. 816 Words 4 Pages Many diverse ideas flourished during the European Renaissance which had a lasting impact on the world. Humanism is a worldview and a moral philosophy that considers humans to be of primary importance. The aspect of humanism first thrived in 14th century Italy, and later spread north in the 15th century.
Initially humanistic ideas about education were quickly adopted by the Italian upper class. The Italian ideas and attitudes towards life and learning impacted nobility in other parts of Europe.