Biology Section 1 Bacteria Study Guide Answers
1 Chapter 10 Bacteria and Viruses Table of Contents Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Section 2 Bacteria s Role in the World Section 3 Viruses 2 Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Objectives Describe the characteristics of prokaryotes. Explain how prokaryotes reproduce. Relate the characteristics of archaea. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
All rights reserved. 3 Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea Two domains -Bacteria and Archaea consist of the oldest forms of life on Earth. Shape of Bacteria Bacilli - rod shaped. Cocci - spherical.
Spirilla - long and spiral shaped. 4 Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea 5 Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea prokaryote- No Nucleus!
Single-celled organisms Reproduction by binary fission, one cell splits into two single-cells Hetero and autotrophic forms Endospores protective coat that forms in poor environmental conditions. How big are they? 6 7 8 Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea 9 Flagella whip like structures that aid in movement 10 Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Comparing Cell Division in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. 11 Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea The Domain Archaea The three main types of archaea are heat lovers, salt lovers, and methane makers. Archaebacteria live in harsh environments 12 Chapter 10 Section 2 Bacteria s Role in the World Objectives Explain how life on Earth depends on bacteria.
List three ways bacteria are useful to people. Describe two ways in which bacteria can be harmful to people. 13 Chapter 10 Good for the Environment Section 2 Bacteria s Role in the World Decomposer bacteria break down dead plant and animal matter, which makes nutrients Nitrogen Fixation bacteria take in nitrogen from the air and change it so that plants can use. 14 Chapter 10 Section 2 Bacteria s Role in the World Good for the Environment, continued Cleaning Up Using microorganisms, such as bacteria, to change harmful chemicals into harmless ones is called biomediation. Biomediation can be used to clean up hazardous waste and oil spills. 15 Chapter 10 Section 2 Bacteria s Role in the World Good for People Bacteria in Your Food cheese, yogurt, and sour cream, are made with the help of bacteria. Bacteria such as E.
Biology 1 Study Guide Answers
Coli help digest food, and supply vitamins 16 Chapter 10 Harmful Bacteria Section 2 Bacteria s Role in the World Pathogenic bacteria cause disease by taking nutrients from the host s cells and releasing toxins. Tissues tooth decay, food poisoning, Strep Throat Antibiotics are widely used to kill bacterial infections penicillin 17 18 19 Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses Objectives Explain how viruses are similar to and different from living things. List the four major virus shapes.
Describe the two kinds of viral reproduction. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
20 Virus Virus - a non-cellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells. Viruses cannot carry out any life processes unless they are within a living host cell. Hidden or active vaccine - a weakened virus introduced into a body to induce immunity to a virus. Viral Diseases - smallpox, polio, measles, HIV (AIDS), mumps, influenza, yellow fever, rabies, and common colds. 21 22 Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses 23 Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses A Destructive House Guest Viruses attack living cells and turn them into virus factories. Viruses reproduce using the lytic cycle.
A Time Bomb Some viruses put their genes into a host cell, but new viruses are not made right away. New cells get copies of the virus s genes when the host cell divides. The genes stay inactive for a long time before they make copies of the virus.
24 Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses 25 Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses Lytic Cycle Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. 26 27 Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses A Destructive House Guest, continued Treating a Virus Antibiotics do not kill viruses, but scientists have recently developed antiviral medications that stop viruses from reproducing. Because many viral diseases do not have cures, it is best to prevent a viral infection from happening in the first place.
Vaccinations give your immune system a head start in fighting off viruses. 28 Chapter 10 Bacteria and Viruses Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. Bacteria Archaea decomposers prokaryotes nucleus consumers producers 29 Bacteria and Viruses 30 Chapter 10 Bacteria and Viruses 31 aryfission-hires.mov /bacteria.mov 32 a/hiv.mov 33 End of Chapter 10 Show 34 Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Table of Contents Section 1 Protists Section 2 Kinds of Protists Section 3 Fungi 35 Chapter 11 Section 1 Protists Objectives Describe the characteristics of protists. Describe four ways that protists get food. Describe three ways that protists reproduce.
36 Chapter 11 Section 1 Protists Kingdom Protista General Characteristics The Junk Drawer Kingdom General Characteristics of a protist Eukaryotic mainly single-celled Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Can be Parasitic- Planmodium vivax causes malaria Giardia lamblia- Can be Mutualistic Zooflagellates digest wood in the gut termites 37 Reproduces Asexually=Binary Fission Sexual Reproduction=Conjugation Members include Algae Plankton Paramecium Euglena 38 Chapter 11 Section 1 Protists Protists and Food, continued. A parasite invades another organism to get the nutrients it needs. The organism that a parasite invades is called a host. Phytoplankton are the microscopic algae that float near the surface of marine or fresh water. 39 Chapter 11 Section 1 Protists 40 Chapter 11 Section 2 Kinds of Protists Heterotrophs That Can Move, continued Zooflagellates Flagellates are protists that wave flagella back and forth to move. Some flagellates live in water.
Others live in the bodies of other organisms. 41 42 Stentor 43 Vorticella 44 45 46 47 Chapter 11 Section 2 Kinds of Protists Movement of an Amoeba Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. 48 49 50 51 phyta/ 52 Chapter 11 Section 2 Kinds of Protists Heterotrophs That Can Move, continued Ciliates Ciliates are complex protists. They have hundreds of tiny, hairlike structures known as cilia.
Ciliates use their cilia for movement and also for feeding. The best-known genus of ciliates is Paramecium. 53 Chapter 11 Section 2 Kinds of Protists 54 Chapter 11 Section 2 Kinds of Protists Heterotrophs That Can t Move, continued Water Molds live in water, moist soil, or other organisms. Some of them are decomposers and thus eat dead matter. But many are parasites. Slime Molds can move only at certain phases of their life cycle. Live in cool, moist places in the woods.
They use pseudipodia to move around. But when environmental conditions are stressful, they form spores that cannot move.
55 Chapter 11 Section 3 Fungi Objectives Describe the characteristics of fungi. Distinguish between the four main groups of fungi. Explain how lichens affect their environment. 56 Chapter 11 Section 3 Fungi Characteristics of Fungi eukaryotic heterotrophs rigid cell walls no chlorophyll. Reproduction in fungi may be either asexual fragmenting or spores Sexual- 57 benefits from fungi Decomposer Food-mushrooms, yeast, Penicillin, Help plants grow 4 Classes Fungi.
Threadlike Fungi bread mold 2. Sac Fungi Morels-spores in sacs 3. Club Puffballs-spores produced in clubs 4. Imperfect Fungi Penicillium-no sexual reproduction 58 Chapter 11 Section 3 Fungi Characteristics of Fungi, continued Hidden from View Multicellular fungi are made up of chains of cells called hyphae. Most of the hyphae grow together form an underground mass called the mycelium, which makes up the major part of the fungus. 59 60 61 Chapter 11 Section 3 Fungi Characteristics of Fungi, continued Making More Fungi Reproduction in fungi may be either asexual or sexual. In one type of asexual reproduction, the hyphae break apart, and each new piece becomes a new fungus.
Kinds of Fungi Fungi are classified based on their shape and the way that they reproduce. Threadlike Fungi Most threadlike fungi live in the soil and are decomposers. However, some threadlike fungi are parasites. Molds are a threadlike fungi. Threadlike fungi can reproduce asexually or sexually. Sac Fungi are the largest group of fungi. Sac fungi include yeasts, powdery mildews, truffles, and morels.
Sac fungi can reproduce both asexually and sexually during their life cycles. Most of the time, they use asexual reproduction. Club Fungi Mushrooms belong to a group of fungi called club fungi. Club fungi reproduce sexually. During reproduction, they grow special hyphae that form clublike structures.
Nonmushroom Club Fungi Mushrooms are not the only club fungi. Bracket fungi, puff-balls, smuts, and rusts are also club fungi. Imperfect Fungi The imperfect fungi group includes all of the species of fungi that do not quite fit in the other groups. These fungi do not reproduce sexually. Most imperfect fungi are parasites that cause diseases in plants and animals.
But some imperfect fungi, such as Penicillium, are useful. 62 Chapter 11 Section 3 Fungi Types of Fungi Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. 63 Chapter 11 Section 3 Fungi Lichens A lichen is a combination of a fungus and an alga that grow together. The alga actually lives inside the protective walls of the fungus. Unlike fungi, lichens are producers. The algae produce food through photosynthesis.
And unlike algae, the fungi keeps the lichen from drying out. Lichens are found in almost every land environment. 64 east.mov 65 End of Chapter 11 Show.
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